Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical Equilibrium

Concrete analogies and step-by-step examples help students understand chemical equilibrium. The concept of dynamic equilibrium is clarified with interactive tutorials. Students quickly learn to calculate and understand the meaning of equilibrium constants and reaction quotients with engaging narrations and graphics. Examples using Le Chatelier's principle allow students to predict how changes in such factors as concentration, temperature, and pressure affect equilibrium.

OUTLINE:

I. Introduction
A. Equilibrium
1. Fountain Example
2. Bus Example
B. Chemical Equilibrium
1. Closed Container Examples

II. Review of Chemical Reactions
A. Chemical Reactions
1. Chemical Equations
2. State Symbols
3. Stoichiometry
B. Balanced Chemical Equations
1. Law of Conservation of Matter
2. Practice with Balancing Chemical Equations
C. Reversible Reactions

III. Chemical Equilibrium
A. Chemical Equilibrium and Reversible Reactions
B. Concentration vs. Time Graphs
C. Achieving Chemical Equilibrium
D. Dynamic Process
E. Law of Mass Action

IV. Equilibrium Constants
A. Equilibrium Constant Expressions
1. Ratios
2. Writing Equilibrium Constants Expressions
3. Practice Writing Equilibrium Constant Expressions
B. Heterogeneous Equilibria
1. Gases and Aqueous Solutions
2. Constant Concentrations of Pure Liquids and Solids
3. Equilibrium Constant Expressions
4. Practice with Equilibrium Constant Expressions
C. Calculating Equilibrium Constants
1. Calculating Equilibrium Constant Example #2
2. Calculating Equilibrium Constant Example #3
D. Equilibrium Constants
1. Temperature Dependent
2. Independent of Concentration
3. Equilibrium Position
4. What Equilibrium Constants Tell Chemists
E. Reaction Quotients
1. Reaction Rates
2. Map Analogy
3. Reaction Quotients Compared with Equilibrium Constants
F. Review

V. Le Chatelier's Principle
A. Disturbing Equilibrium
1. Non-Chemical Examples
B. Le Chatelier's Principle
1. Disturbing Equilibria of Chemical Systems
C. Effect of Changes in Concentration
1. Increasing Concentration of Reactants
2. Decreasing Concentration of Reactants
3. Practicing with Changes in Concentration
D. Effect of Changes in pressure
1. How Pressure in Chemical Systems is Changed
2. Decreasing the Volume of a System at Equilibrium
3. Increasing the Volume of a System at Equilibrium
4. Pressure Does Not Always Affect Equilibrium
5. Review
E. Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium
1. Effect of Elevated Temperature on Exothermic Reactions
2. Effect of Lowering Temperature on Exothermic Reactions
3. Effect of Temperature on Endothermic Reactions
F. Review

VI. Conclusion